Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-3 (of 3 Records) |
Query Trace: Anderson LM[original query] |
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Stroke in South Asia: a systematic review of epidemiologic literature from 1980 to 2010
Kulshreshtha A , Anderson LM , Goyal A , Keenan NL . Neuroepidemiology 2012 38 (3) 123-9 BACKGROUND: Globally 15 million people have an acute stroke every year and one third of them die secondary to stroke events. Most research on stroke prevention and treatment is done in developed countries, yet more than 85% of strokes occur in developing countries. In particular, stroke remains an underrecognized cause of death and disability in South Asia. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to identify reliable and comparable epidemiological evidence on stroke in South Asia from 1980 to 2010. Publications were screened for eligibility to identify only population-based stroke studies. RESULTS: Of the 71 studies retrieved, only 6 studies from South Asia gave us acceptable estimates of the burden of stroke. Population-based studies from South Asia have stroke prevalence in the range of 45-471 per 100,000. The age-adjusted incidence rate varied from approximately 145 per 100,000 to 262 per 100,000. Rural parts of South Asia have a lower stroke prevalence compared with urban areas. CONCLUSIONS: Our review highlights the paucity of research data in South Asia. This must be addressed in order to accurately determine the burden of stroke in South Asia, so that specific policy recommendations can be formulated to combat the stroke epidemic in this region. |
A recommendation to improve employee weight status through worksite health promotion programs targeting nutrition, physical activity, or both
Task Force on Community Preventive Services , Anderson LM . Am J Prev Med 2009 37 (4) 358-9 Obesity is now recognized as a major health problem with substantial direct and indirect costs to individuals and the U.S. healthcare system. In workplaces over the past century, economic and industrial innovations have reduced the number of workers in primary industries (e.g., agriculture, fishing, mining, or forestry); increased automation and labor-saving devices in production industries; and produced large increases in the proportion of people engaged in sedentary industries. Many workers are sedentary, with easy access to energy-dense (i.e., “empty-calorie”) foods and beverages. Epidemiologic studies of characteristics of working conditions and worker overweight or obesity have shown associations between long work hours, shift work, and job stress and increases in BMI.1 The association between excess body weight and risk for a range of occupational conditions—including injury, asthma, musculoskeletal disorders, immune response, neurotoxicity, stress, cardiovascular disease, and cancer—has been described elsewhere.1 | More than 30% of the U.S. adult population is obese, and a link has been established between obesity and cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, stroke, osteoarthritis, and some cancers.2, 3 Estimates of aggregate overweight- and obesity-attributable medical spending in the U.S. in 1998 were as high as $78.5 billion ($92.6 billion in 2002 dollars) or 9.1% of the total annual medical expenditure.4 Given the tremendous costs, policymakers, health administrators, and employee wellness program directors need to take action by supporting evidence-based physical activity and nutrition programs that can help reduce the burden of obesity on the U.S. healthcare system. In the workplace, obesity affects costs associated with absenteeism, sick leave, disability, injuries, and healthcare claims.5 Programs and policies that improve worker health and ultimately reduce healthcare costs are of great importance to employers.6 Although extant reviews, both qualitative7, 8, 9, 10 and quantitative,11, 12, 13 have yielded mixed results on the effectiveness of worksite programs in reducing overweight and obesity among workers, these reviews investigated multiple health risk outcomes and did not attempt to quantify program impacts on weight as a summary measure of effect across the bodies of evidence reviewed. |
The effectiveness of worksite nutrition and physical activity interventions for controlling employee overweight and obesity: a systematic review
Anderson LM , Quinn TA , Glanz K , Ramirez G , Kahwati LC , Johnson DB , Buchanan LR , Archer WR , Chattopadhyay S , Kalra GP , Katz DL , Task Force on Community Preventive Services . Am J Prev Med 2009 37 (4) 340-57 This report presents the results of a systematic review of the effectiveness of worksite nutrition and physical activity programs to promote healthy weight among employees. These results form the basis for the recommendation by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services on the use of these interventions. Weight-related outcomes, including weight in pounds or kilograms, BMI, and percentage body fat were used to assess effectiveness of these programs. This review found that worksite nutrition and physical activity programs achieve modest improvements in employee weight status at the 6-12-month follow-up. A pooled effect estimate of -2.8 pounds (95% CI=-4.6, -1.0) was found based on nine RCTs, and a decrease in BMI of -0.5 (95% CI=-0.8, -0.2) was found based on six RCTs. The findings appear to be applicable to both male and female employees, across a range of worksite settings. Most of the studies combined informational and behavioral strategies to influence diet and physical activity; fewer studies modified the work environment (e.g., cafeteria, exercise facilities) to promote healthy choices. Information about other effects, barriers to implementation, cost and cost effectiveness of interventions, and research gaps are also presented in this article. The findings of this systematic review can help inform decisions of employers, planners, researchers, and other public health decision makers. |
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